How Many Types of Chemical Reactions Are There

There is more than one way to classify chemical reactions, so you may be asked to name the 4, 5, or 6 main types of chemical reactions. Here is a look at the main types of chemical reactions, with links to detailed information about the different types. When you get right down to it, there are millions of known chemical reactions.  As an organic chemist or chemical engineer, you might need to know the details about a very specific type of chemical reaction, but most reactions can be grouped into just a few categories. The problem is determining how many categories this is. Typically, chemical reactions are grouped according to the main 4 types of reaction, 5 types of reactions, or 6 types of reactions. Here is the usual classification. 4 Main Types of Chemical Reactions The four main types of chemical reactions are fairly clear-cut, however, there are different names for the reaction categories. Its a good idea to become familiar with the various names so that you can identify a reaction and communicate with people who may have learned it under a different name. Synthesis reaction (also known as a direct combination reaction)In this reaction, reactants combine to form a more complex product. Often there are two or more reactants with only a single product. The general reaction takes the form:A B → ABDecomposition reaction (sometimes called an analysis reaction)In this kind of reaction, a molecule breaks into two or more smaller pieces. Its common to have one reactant and multiple products. The general chemical reaction is:AB → A BSingle displacement reaction (also called a single replacement reaction or substitution reaction)In this type of chemical reaction, one reactant ion changes place with another. The general form of the reaction is:A BC → B ACDouble displacement reaction (also called a double replacement reaction or metathesis reaction)In this type of reaction, both cations and anions exchange places, according to the general reaction:AB CD → AD CB 5 Main Types of Chemical Reactions You simply add one more category: the combustion reaction. The alternate names listed above still apply. synthesis reactiondecomposition reactionsingle displacement reactiondouble displacement reactioncombustion reactionA general form of a combustion reaction is:hydrocarbon oxygen →  carbon dioxide   water 6 Main Types of Chemical Reactions The sixth type of chemical reaction is an acid-base reaction. synthesis reactiondecomposition reactionsingle displacement reactiondouble displacement reactioncombustion reactionacid-base reaction Other Major Categories Other main categories of chemical reactions include oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, isomerization reactions, and hydrolysis reactions. Can a Reaction Be More Than One Type? As you start adding more and more types of chemical reactions, youll notice a reaction may fit into multiple categories. For example, a reaction may be both an acid-base reaction and a double displacement reaction.

The Concentration Of Glucose And Concentration On The X Axis

A standard curve was set up with the use of glucose standards prepared in the first part of the experiment with the absorbance readings plotted on the Y axis and concentration on the X axis. This standard curve can then be used to help plot and find unknown concentrations for the patient and control samples, it also allows us to determine the equation of the line (y) and the correlation coefficient (R2) which were 2.2447x and 0.9984 respectively (Figure 1.). To determine the concentration of glucose in the blood plasma samples, the equation of the line provided from the standard curve (Figure 1) is used to divide against the absorbance that has been blank adjusted. The dilution factor also has to be taken into account at this step, refer to the calculation in Calculation 1 and is times against the previous number. The blood glucose concentrations obtained during this practical were fairly close to the expected (Table 3). The only results that were different was Patient 2’s 60-minute sample, these results may have come from a technical error such as, pipetting on our part. Looking back at the first duplicate absorbance levels for patient 2’s 60 minute sample there is a slight variance in the values, clearly indicating pipetting is at fault (Table 2). Discussion From this practical we were able to use the glucose oxidase method to measure the glucose in two blood plasma samples collected from two patients who had both family history of diabetes mellitus as well as signsShow MoreRelatedA Blood Bag With Two Pipettefuls Of Glucose And Starch Solution983 Words   |  4 PagesIn part I, a dialysis bag with two pipettefuls of glucose and starch solution was mixed. The bag was placed in a beaker of tap water and I2KI solution for 30 minutes. The contents of the bag and the beaker were placed in test tubes and tested through Benedict’s Test for the presence of aldoses - both test tubes tested positive. 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Sample Contents of Feasibility Study Free Essays

string(70) " specializing in the practice of obstetrics and gynecologic services\." Sample Executive Summary For Your Business PlanApril 5, 2011 – 11:14 am Earlier in Invest Engine Blog we have talked about  executive summary contents  and  how to write executive summary. Using all this information we shall now pass to actually writing an executive summary taking restaurant business plan as an example. Writing executive summaries is among the most important business skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Contents of Feasibility Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now The majority of investors whom you’ll address with your project will read your executive summary first. And only then will decide whether to proceed with your start up or leave it alone. So let’s get started! 1. Executive Summary Cover Passing along a naked text is not a good idea. So do provide a cover for your executive summary. The executive summary cover page should contain: * your company logo; * the title of your project; * your contact information; * the subtitle â€Å"Executive Summary† (not to confuse this document with the full version of your business plan). 2. The Opening Statement: Who? What? When? Where? Why? From the very first sentence it should be understood what your project is about. Showing respect to your readers’ time and attention is highly appreciated. So if you can answer the  Five W’s  in a single sentence, it is perfect. But sometimes it is better to break it down into smaller sentences. And DO avoid general phrases and adjectives like â€Å"great†, â€Å"unique†, â€Å"exclusive† as they make you look boastful right from the start. From the cover page of our  sample restaurant executive summary  the reader knows that the project is called: â€Å"BBQ-5 – barbecue restaurant in Chicago, IL†. So the opening statement of the executive summary could be: â€Å"BBQ-5 is a new barbecue restaurant in Chicago, IL founded by Mr. BBQ. This will be the fifth restaurant of â€Å"Mr. BBQ Family of Restaurants† – the barbecue chain founded in 2005 and is already well-known in The Great Lakes area. † 3. Brief Company ProfileYou are sure to provide some detailed information about your company background, its mission and business objectives in your business plan. But the major highlights should be put into executive summary as well. Typically you are expected to say: * When was your business founded? * What are the major industries and regions of operations? * What are your business mission and business objectives? How many people work in your firm? * What is your position in the company? In the sample executive summary we are going through it is stated that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the  chain was founded in 2005 and is already well-known in The Great Lakes area† (the info about the year the business was founded and the region of operation is provided). And so it is continued: â€Å"The other restaurants ar e located two in Cleveland, OH, one in Detroit, MI and one in Milwaukee, WI. Each of the restaurants started by Mr. BBQ reached the break-even point within a year. Though Mr. BBQ and Mrs. BBQ are principle owners, it is Mr. BBQ’s  intention to offer outside ownership in â€Å"BBQ-5? restaurant on an equity, debt, or combination basis in order to facilitate the opening of BBQ-5 restaurant and further growth of the chain. † From this paragraph it is clear that the principal figures in the company are Mr. BBQ and Mrs. BBQ and their major business goal is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"further growth of the chain†. 4. Project Description Normally executive summary should always be written last. You already have a perfectly written product description in your business plan and can now copy-paste the highlights into your executive summary. It should really take minutes! In the business plan for BBQ-5 restaurant it was stated that location is a key success factor. So in the executive summary it would be perfect to start with the advantages of the location and target audience of the restaurant: â€Å"BBQ-5 will be opened in leased premises in the very heart of Chicago – the Loop district. The Loop is the center of Chicago’s cultural, commercial and financial institutions. It is also the major tourist destination. And the neighboring district – The North Side – is the most densely populated residential section of the city. It is also a popular take-away destination. So BBQ-5 will target residents of The Loop district, office workers and tourists. † Then we briefly describe restaurant’s projected capacity, its specialization and the key competitive advantages (these are also copy-pasted from the business plan): â€Å"The restaurant will specialize in traditional style barbecue meals: smoked pork, veal and fish, steaks and sandwiches. The menu will also include a variety of vegetarian meals and the widest range of sauces. The restaurant’s projected capacity is 340 seats. After that you can outline main business objectives of the project showing that you have a clear vision and know your goals. Then write a paragraph about major risks of your project but stay positive providing your solutions right away. Stress the strong sides of your company and the competencies of the team behind the project. 5. Key Business Plan Numbers By the moment you write executive summary you are supposed to know  exactly  how much funding you need. So provide the highlights in the form of investment summary table. It puts investment structure vs. nvestment purposes of your project. So anyone reading your executive summary will understand what you need money for, how much of your own capital you invest and how much is expected from other sources (direct investment, bank loans, start up grants etc. ) Also state how much revenues your project will generate (revenue projections) and of course the payback period of your project – how long will it take for your project to become cash flow positive. ple Projects  Ã‚  Sample #4| Sample #4| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm’s permission. Company: Bentonville Medical Clinic   Contact Person: George Hendrichs Title: Business Manager/Administrator Telephone: (910) 273 – 8457 Fax: (910) 273 – 5419 Address: 413 Harmon Place, Greensboro, NC 27412BackgroundProvide an overvi ew of the company, the nature and size of the primary product(s)/service(s) and operations, and a brief description of the department/function/product that is the main focus of the study. Bentonville Medical Clinic is a 12 year old medical firm specializing in the practice of obstetrics and gynecologic services. You read "Sample Contents of Feasibility Study" in category "Essay examples" The main office, located in Greensboro, is where the primary administrative functions such as coordination, billing, insurance claims, etc. are carried out, but the firm is also comprised of two satellite offices located in Reidsville and Eden. The firm employs 1 administrator, 7 clinical personnel, 9 clerical workers, and 5 physicians, who rotate through each of the three offices on a regular basis. Gross revenues for 1991 were roughly $3. 1 million, as a result of 37,000 patient encounters. The bulk of the revenues are taken in by the Greensboro office, which accounted for 72% of all receipts. Revenues grew regularly through 1990, but have leveled off since then as a result of the efforts of the government and other agencies to control health care expenses. Some primary points of emphasis for Bentonville Medical Clinic are: (1) maintenance of high quality of patient care, through the regular and efficient assimilation of new technologies, (2) continuous improvement of business efficiencies and cost reductions, and (3) provision of a reasonable return on investment for the firm’s partners. The Project To Be StudiedDescribe the situation to be studied, and if possible, identify the specific issue(s)/problem(s) to focus on. One of the basic problems with health care today is the government wishes to control health costs, yet demands the highest quality of service available. Often, the government wishes only to pay amounts for these services that barely exceed the cost a medical firm incurs in providing them. The focus of the group will be to evaluate the costs of various types of patient visits versus the payment plans instituted by the government (the RBRVS system that calculates costs for medicare, for example), and determine how these plans affect Bentonville Medical Clinic’s cash flows and revenues. Outputs DesiredWhat specific results would be expected, e. g. reports, recommendations, etc. Outputs desired from this study include:(1) Determination of the amount of medicare volume that can be profitably handled;(2) Identification of the various costs involved in particular types of patient encounters (which types of visits are most/least profitable for the firm)(3) Determination of how cash flows being affected by programs such Medicare’s RBRVS cost conversion factors(4) Suggestions for some possible alternatives/strategies through which Bentonville Medical Clinic can maximize revenues in the current environment. Required/Available Resources- (List special or unique data, software, personnel, etc. required, or available):Summary/Key Word Information:Estimated team size: 2-3 person team   How was project obtained? : Referred by John Adams, Alum Previous Project? : No Project Focus – Primary: Accounting/Finance Other areas: Strategy, Health Administration Keywords: Costing, and cash flow analysis Brief Abstract: Contrast patient visits with reimbursement plans to assess the equity of payments received and determine their affect on overall cash flows and revenues. | Sample #1| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm’s permission. ]Company: Comfort Apparel   Contact Person: Sam Talbott Title: Marketing Manager Telephone: 336. 555. 1234 Fax: 336. 555. 1234 Fax: (336) 745-7025 Address: 1234 Comfort Blvd. , Winston-Salem, NC 27123BackgroundComfort Apparel manufactures and markets high-quality, high-value apparel using screen printing and embroide ry. Comfort holds exclusive contracts with several boards of education in the Southeast to provide shirts, hats and sweatshirts with school logos for state championships in all major sports. Other boards are being pursued for contracts. A significant volume of business is obtained through short-term contracts with colleges, universities and sports associations to provide logo apparel for ceremonies and sporting events. Comfort provides consumer value by offering a high-quality embroidery look at prices comparable to regular screen-printed products with quick turnaround on short notice. The Project To Be StudiedAt Comfort, ordering, scheduling, invoicing, inventory control and shipping are done manually. Management decided to switch to an electronic system because of frequent and often unanticipated surges in volume, as well as recent overall growth. Several of Comfort’s accounts have requested EDI systems and other electronic media, including use of the Internet, to process orders and shipping. The study group will be responsible for determining what system could capitalize on emerging technology and be most appropriate for the company and how best to implement the system. The study will look at three main operating areas: * Information systems between Comfort and our manufacturing operations * Information systems between Comfort and our customers * Information systems between Comfort and our suppliersThe team must propose whether members will focus on one, two or all of the above applications. Outputs Desired * Provide Comfort with a list of information systems that capitalize on the latest technology and that could be installed and implemented, along with pros and cons of each * Propose a schematic design and determine the costs and benefits of each alternative * Recommend the best alternative and provide a plan for implementation| Sample #3| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm’s permission. ]Company: Gourmet House Software Services   Contact Person: Rachel Benedict Title: Director of Development Telephone: (910) 277 – 2347 Fax: (910) 277 – 9547 Address: 1600 Watley Plaza, Winston-Salem, NC 27011BackgroundProvide an overview of the company, the nature and size of the primary product(s)/service(s) and operations, and a brief description of the department/function/product that is the main focus of the study. Gourmet House Software Services is a relatively small â€Å"software house† that specializes in software for restaurants and wholesale food distributors. The purpose of this type of software is to allow the user to better and more efficiently purchase and utilize their inventory and delivery systems. Gourmet House System is going into its twelfth year of business, and they estimate that they have roughly 160 users of their specialized software. The Project To Be StudiedDescribe the situation to be studied, and if possible, identify the specific issue(s)/problem(s) to focus on. The current computer system software being sold by Gourmet House is a third generation software component. They feel it is necessary to upgrade their software to a fourth generation, but want to make sure they can successfully market this new product to existing customers, as well as to other potential markets. The study group should concentrate on the following areas:(1) The various methods that could be used to market this new product to current market segments, while maintaining support and customer satisfaction for older products;(2) Identify any other feasible markets for this new product. Outputs DesiredWhat specific results would be expected, e. . reports, recommendations, etc. The outputs desired from this project would be as follows:(1) A list of options and an action plan for the introduction of the new software component(2) A risk analysis of the planned introduction, complete with benefits and drawbacks. (3) Financial considerations involved (ROI, etc). Summary/Key Word Information:Estimated team size: 2-3 person team   How was project obtained? : Wilson Thomas, Alum Previou s Project? : No Project Focus – Primary: Marketing, Strategic Planning Other areas: New Ventures, Business Strategy Keywords: Marketing and identifying new niches Brief Abstract: Recommend a marketing plan for a fourth generation of a software package and identify new markets the firm might enter in order to increase revenues and profits. | Sample #2| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm’s permission. ]Company: Mountain Broadcasting Company Contact Person: Ms. I. M. Astarr Title: President Telephone: (910) 253-7827 Fax: (910) 253-1329 Address: 4321 Galaxy Boulevard, Mt. Airy, NC 27411Background-  Provide an overview of the company, the nature and size of the primary product(s)/service(s) and operations, and a brief description of the department/function/product that is the main focus of the study. Mountain Broadcasting Company is a locally-owned radio company which operates under the call letters of WMBC (FM) and WNCB (AM). It employs 17 people, including 6 salespeople. The Project To Be Studied-  Describe the situation to be studied, and if possible, identify the specific issue(s)/problem(s) to focus on. Mountain Broadcasting contacted the Schools of Business to conduct a survey and analyze the results to determine what factors are critical when current and prospective advertisers make the decision to use radio as an advertising medium. Mountain Broadcasting also wanted to learn how effective its salespeople were compared to the competition, be it radio stations, television stations, or magazines and newspapers. Mountain Broadcast hoped to learn what it could to ultimately leading to an improvement in the company’s profitability. Outputs Desired-  What specific results would be expected, e. . reports, recommendations, etc. Outputs desired from this practicum include:(1) Which local sales staffs within the industry are perceived as most competent/least competent? (2) What affect do program formats and program contents have on advertisers’ decisions to buy? (3) How do the rates charged by WMBC and WNCB compare with other stations and how are they perceived by their cust omers with respect to the value received? (4) What affect do promotional support, purchase incentives, and the buying procedure have on the purchasing decision? 5) Which stations are perceived as most effective for reaching specific demographic targets? (6) How do stations’ production capabilities affect their advertising rates? Methodology-  Possible strategies and analytical tools to employ. The data for this study will be generated by telephone interviews of approximately 100-200 prospective advertisers. The prospects will include current radio and non-radio advertisers, current customers, and non-customers of the stations, and direct advertisers and agencies and/or media brokers. The team will be supplied by the client with the list of prospects. | * ————————————————- About Us * ——————————â €”—————- Academic Programs   * ————————————————- Admissions * ————————————————- Beyond Academics * ————————————————- Careers Internships * ————————————————- Diversity * ————————————————- Faculty Research * ————————————————- News Events * WFU Charlotte Center | | Home  Ã‚  Beyond Academics  Ã‚  WF Business Solutions  Ã‚  Sample Projects  Ã‚  Sample #1| Sample #1| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm’s permission. ]Company: Comfort Apparel   Contact Person: Sam Talbott Title: Marketing Manager Telephone: 336. 555. 1234 Fax: 336. 555. 1234 Fax: (336) 745-7025 Address: 1234 Comfort Blvd. , Winston-Salem, NC 27123BackgroundComfort Apparel manufactures and markets high-quality, high-value apparel using screen printing and embroidery. Comfort holds exclusive contracts with several boards of education in the Southeast to provide shirts, hats and sweatshirts with school logos for state championships in all major sports. Other boards are being pursued for contracts. A significant volume of business is obtained through short-term contracts with colleges, universities and sports associations to provide logo apparel for ceremonies and sporting events. Comfort provides consumer value by offering a high-quality embroidery look at prices comparable to regular screen-printed products with quick turnaround on short notice. The Project To Be StudiedAt Comfort, ordering, scheduling, invoicing, inventory control and shipping are done manually. Management decided to switch to an electronic system because of frequent and often unanticipated surges in volume, as well as recent overall growth. Several of Comfort’s accounts have requested EDI systems and other electronic media, including use of the Internet, to process orders and shipping. The study group will be responsible for determining what system could capitalize on emerging technology and be most appropriate for the company and how best to implement the system. The study will look at three main operating areas: * Information systems between Comfort and our manufacturing operations * Information systems between Comfort and our customers * Information systems between Comfort and our suppliersThe team must propose whether members will focus on one, two or all of the above applications. Outputs Desired * Provide Comfort with a list of information systems that capitalize on the latest technology and that could be installed and implemented, along with pros and cons of each * Propose a schematic design and determine the costs and benefits of each alternative * Recommend the best alternative and provide a plan for implementation| | How to cite Sample Contents of Feasibility Study, Essay examples

My Most Unfotgottable Moment Essay Example For Students

My Most Unfotgottable Moment Essay In every human life, there is an unforgettable childhood incidences. There could be many or just one. These journeys can be good or bad and possibly end up beneficial or not. I too had few such incidences both good and bad ones. In this write up, I will narrate one of my good experience which really brought true happiness on the face of my mother. However, they occurred somewhere in the year 1995 when I was around age consisting of seven household. Villagers make their livelihood from the agriculture. Summer season is their busiest season. The villagers has to work in the field to make their living. They have to be busy both day and night. During day time they have to work in the field and night time is to guard the wild animals from destroying their products. Once the summer season gets over, the villagers happily welcome the new season. Winter season is their relaxation season. They are freed from the agriculture work. Another beauty of the winter season is the performance of annual ritual. Every village performs the annual ritual in winter season every year. All the villagers will be invited by the host to attain their ritual. The visitors will be served with dinner and drinks by the host. When the ritual gets over; the guest will be served with dinner then the people will perform dances and shouts in their unconsciousness for the whole night after having lots of drinks. Parents will not care about the presence of their child. No one in the family cares about who is going back to home and who is not. Some of the family member will return back to home after 1 or 2 am to sleep but some member will lost in between. They will just return home by the next morning after having another drinks from the host. Most of the people those who are from the other village will spend their night in the small hut attached to the main house which is made for keeping the grains. Grandfather Tenla was performing his annual ritual in his house. All of us went to attain his ritual by evening as per the invitation. We were done with the dinner by 10 pm and we have been watching the dances and chit chatting of the people till 12 Oclock at night. Unlike other nights; we really do not feel sleepy no matter how much the time is. By 12 past, I went back to our home to sleep with my sister Sangay and mother. Elder brothers were already at home since they never attain those annual rituals. We left our 5th and 4th brothers at the hosts house as we always do since they were enjoying the dances and moreover they were chatting with their friends from the next village. By the very next morning when I woke up, my family members were in great tension walking here and there but I wasnt having any idea about the reason of my parents tension. My mother was crying a lot. After few minutes to my surprise, my 3rd brother came with a lay monk and started performing something which was beyond my understanding. After all my both sisters too started crying along with my mother yet I wasnt aware of the reason. By around 8 am my cousin sister Sither who was around 5 years older than me came to play with me as we always do. We too have small hut as of other villagers to keep our grains and this is the place were two of us used to play swing every day. It was she who told me that my 4th brother Sonam is nowhere to be found. .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 , .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .postImageUrl , .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 , .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774:hover , .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774:visited , .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774:active { border:0!important; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774:active , .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774 .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u727b92bfcfc98ffba00749243bfaf774:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Feline vs. Canine EssayHe was lost from the previous night. My parents were crying since the lay monk has declared that if he is not found before the milking hour that is 9 am (the time when the villagers let their cattle for grazing after milking) he will be lost forever. Today I still remember myself being out of tension, fully engaged in playing swing under that small hut with my sister when my family members were crying and in great tense. I could still remember how much tension my mother was going through crying and requesting the villagers to search my brother in the forest nearby. My rest of brothers were already in forest searching for our 4th brother. The tension and crying sound of the family were increasing with each minutes pass by since 9 am is the most crucial time for us on that particular day. My mother was crying and shouting that it is about to 9 Oclock. The monk again mentioned that my brother was hidden by the local deity what we call it as tsen. Before 9 am he will be kept near by the village but after 9 am he will be taken far away what it usually happens. Most of the villagers even searched him in the hut that I was playing swing but he wasnt there too. But suddenly I have seen one leg hanging from the hole of the hut that I was playing the swing. I have touched the hanging leg with my hand and I felt the leg like an ice. But I just ignored what I have just seen thinking that my 5th brother Tashi is playing with me as he always does till today. So, I just took out the safety pin from clothe I was wearing. With my full strength I prig on his leg with my safety pin but there was no movement of the leg no matter how much I prig on his leg with the pin. Then I went home to check whether my 5th brother is at home or not. To my disbelief I have seen him at home only. I have informed my mother who was buried under the tension about her lost son about what I have seen few minutes ago. My mother directly step towards the hut. She went inside the hut and found my lost brother lying there unconsciously. It was 9 oclock exactly when we got our brother back to our family. The smile and happiness on my mothers face was beyond explainable by then. He then become the genuine reason for my mothers happiness for having him alive with us. His only wish was to drop out from the school and out of happiness his longing wish was also fulfilled. I got much love and care from the family members for the above reason. My brother after gaining his consciousness narrated what actually had happened to him the previous night. He told that, he was taken away towards the forest by one of unknown man while he was sleeping in one of the hut of villager after 2 am. He was taken directly in to the forest. When he regain his consciousness, he noticed that he had reached to the deep forest of our village and heard the rooster crows way back in the village. With the sound of rooster which means by 3 am he then redirect his way back towards the village. He himself was not aware of how he had entered in that particular hut since door was already locked from outside and there was no space left inside the hut for any person to pass through. No matter what has happened the previous night yet we were happy that we got back our brother alive. Today most of the time is unconscious in work he take up to do since his half of the conscious was already lost by then when he was lost once in the scary deep forest by midnight. Yet we the family love him for who and what he is. He was, is and will be always brother to the family and loving son to his mother.

Motion-Detecting Animal Deterrent free essay sample

Marketing plan for imaginary pet product. Examined in terms of target market, demand, economics, competition, objectives, advertising, projections. Includes tables. I. Introduction This marketing plan is for The Motion-Detecting Animal Deterrent, a new product designed to keep pets from leaving and undesired animals from entering an owners property. It is a fully automatic device that uses infrared sensor technology to detect heat and motion up to 35 feet away and in a 105 degree arc. When the sensor is activated, a built-in pulsating water sprinkler head sends out a three-to-four second spray of water. The device can be adjusted so the target spray area can vary from 20 to 40 feet from the device, and the spray pattern can vary from as narrow as 10 degrees to as wide as 360 degrees. Housed in sturdy ABC plastic, the device attaches to any standard-sized garden house and is secured to the ground by a zinc-plated steel spike. We will write a custom essay sample on Motion-Detecting Animal Deterrent or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Operated by an on/off switch, it is powered by a 9-volt..

Cross Cultural Management the UK

Cross Cultural Management the UK Introduction According to studies done by scholars and other researchers, the aspect of leadership style or type closely relates with the particular culture of a country. In other words, countries adopt their own unique leadership styles that match their culture and belief in the society (Hur, 2008, p. 359).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Management: the UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to undertake an elaborate assessment of literature on leadership styles that are common in the United Kingdom. The paper also considers two other countries, the United States of America and Japan, in attempting to draw out comparisons in the leadership styles that are adopted in these countries. Leadership Style in the UK There is a tendency among managers in the UK to focus more on generalisation rather than specialisation. It is less likely that a manager in the UK would be expected to be technica lly the most competent person. In other words, UK’s leadership and management offer relatively little consideration on the aspect of pure academic consideration (Simons et al. 2003, p. 347). Instead, a lot more emphasis is placed on relevant experience, as well as on a ‘hands-on’, realistic approach (McCarthy, 2005, p. 222). UK managers will rarely be referred to using their academic titles, such as doctor or professor. This can easily be seen as a sign of affectation. Acquisition of man-management skills is critical for UK managers in order to enhance their team management capabilities. UK managers demonstrate solid interpersonal skills. These skills enable them to form and maintain very strong teams and work groups. Managers work towards cultivating a close, humorous and soft relationship with their subordinates as a way of making them understand their needs and influence their performance. However, the managers are also firm in their decisions and are not nece ssarily affected by the closeness with their subordinates (Salis Williams, 2010, p. 436). In giving their instructions and directions, British managers often adopt an indirect way of doing things. British managers have the tendency of asking their subordinates to offer a helping hand in order not to be seen as explicit. The laissez faire economic background that has strongly been established in the UK brings about an aspect of individualism in the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To a greater degree, managers in the UK are informal in their practices as far as personal exchanges are concerned (Haynes, Marchington, Boxall, 2006, p. 226). This is mainly caused by the value accorded to humanitarianism. There is a greater realisation among the managers on the need to achieve greater social achievement. The managers often take pride in their ability to influen ce and shape up things. In essence, managers look at conflict, particularly at the workplace, with a negative view. Most managers accept and use democratic management style as their main practice of doing business (Choi, 2007, p. 243). During the decision-making process, managers give a chance to their subordinates to provide their views and opinions. The opinions and views are later considered in the final decision adopted. The managers also show greater willingness to entrust their subordinates with some level of decision-making. To the managers, the subordinates’ ability to be responsible means a lot for the firm and for their own ability to manage it. The English people are widely a conservative society. They have greater love for traditionalism, conservatism, and the past, while they are also reluctant to change. The conservatism has seen most British managers take a lot of time to consider and adopt new styles and technology in their management practice (Fisher Simmons , 2012, p. 31). There is too much trust in the tried and tested management practices that it appears a bit difficult for the managers to try out innovations and recent practices on management, particularly where such new practices are proposed in foreign countries. Leadership Style in the USA American CEOs often adopt a leadership style from five different types, which include directive, empowering, participative, celebrity, or charismatic (HamedoÄŸlu, Kantor GÃ ¼lay, 2012, p. 320). The lack of a congruent culture in the country is mainly due to the mass immigration of various world cultures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Management: the UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is still notable that some of the common tendencies amongst Americans include functionalism, individualism, non-compulsory thinking, and dominance on nature. Additionally, Americans put much of their attention to w hat the present and the future holds, rather than focusing more on the past. They equally categorise people as either good or bad. According to Hofstede’s cultural studies, Americans make up some of the world’s most individualist nations, where personal particulars and successes are used mostly to define people (Herrera et al. 2011, p. 2629). The supervisors or managers would hardly select staff from amongst their friends or other relatives. More value is put on the work, with planning being considered as an important way of helping planning and decision-making. It is a common feature and thinking among American managers that they have the ability to control the environment, with the belief that strikes at work places and economic events problems are because of poor managers. Americans have a high affinity to natural resources, as well as financial equipments. This is a feature that has enhanced their self-centredness. Americans, to a greater degree, consider themselve s as superior and powerful over other cultures or nations (Celani, 2007, p. 119). This aspect has brought about self-consciousness within the society and in its leadership. Leadership Style in Japan The Japanese consider being human as a special value. They believe that the force of human beings is endless and, thus, it is important for training. The firms consider their employees as a great asset and give greater emphasis on training and skill development (Yuhee Takeuchi, 2010, p. 1931). The existing regulations and laws mainly dictate leading of staff, with cultural emphasis also forming dominance on staff. Unlike the USA, Japan is a collectivist culture (Sun, Horn, Merritt, 2004, p. 318). Workers are often organised into groups or working teams and the managers supervise the group as a unit rather than individuals. The leaders admonish individualism at the place of work and promote teamwork as a perfect way of achieving their objectives. The leader-follower value-based model co nsiders kindness and friendship as being important (Wade-Benzoni et al. 2002, p. 87).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The managers take much of their time attempting to solve problems that emerge at the workplace involving their inferiors. Comparatively, Japanese managers tend to have a stronger liking for sorting out of problems that afflict their subordinates (Abramson, Keating Lane, 1996, p. 123). Equally, the middle level managers also enjoy offering their support to the superior managers to ensure that they collectively play a role in helping to achieve their objectives. Because working in groups require close coordination, the managers are often very good at building relations with both their colleagues and superiors. The leaders, however, have a lesser power of control. Because they consider closeness in working together as teams, the managers consider maintaining warmness and relationships as more important to more power and control. This provides room for followers to make some of the decisions on their own (Paik Sohn, 2004, p. 61). Consideration of Management Practices for UK Managers W orking in the USA and Japan Both the USA and UK are highly individualistic societies. A UK manager working in the USA will find it easier to handle workers in the country because of the similar individualistic characteristics. However, Japan scores lowly in individualism compared to the UK. A manager from the UK working in a subsidiary in Japan will have to adopt a collectivistic approach in order to achieve greater success. For instance, it would be more appropriate for the manager to organise his workers into teams and groups in order to create a closely-knit workgroup (Fukushige Spicer, 2011, p. 2110). The approach should be to consider groups as more important to his performance than placing emphasis on individuals. The manager should determine the objectives for the groups and hold meetings with the groups rather than its individuals. Working in the US, a UK manager will face the challenge of high self-centredness from his workers. Because Americans consider themselves to be h ighly superior compared to other societies in the world, the manager is likely to face some level of strong ego from the workers. This would require great democratic leadership from the manager. In making decisions, the manager would need to involve the subordinates so that they would greatly feel to be part of the decision-making system. If the decisions arrived upon by the organisation will seem to encompass the workers’ own input, there will be greater commitment on their part than if the manager would appear to do it on his own (Hofstede, 2001, p. 112). Equally, working in the USA would require that a UK manager adopt a lot of delegation of roles to his junior managers and supervisors. This would imply that the junior managers, most of whom would be Americans, would directly handle and deal with the subordinates. This is critical because, in a way, it would shield the UK manager on most occasions from directly dealing with his subordinates. It would, thus, help in avertin g unnecessary resistance and conflict from the workers (Bass, 2000, p. 18). Conclusion Different countries in the world have varying cultural practices that affect their styles of leadership. Most managers in a country would generally adopt a similar or a uniform practice in their leadership and management. The United Kingdom is synonymous with the practice of managers using informality while undertaking their roles. British managers value humanitarianism and consider the fact that skill development is critical for improving the performance of their organisations. There is some level of democratisation in management, where leaders allow their followers or subordinates to contribute in the decision making process. On the other hand, Japan is a collectivistic society where managers consider groups with greater emphasis than they do to individuals. Managers in Japan will tend to condone poor performance from workers as they seek to achieve greater performance going forward more than wo uld be the case in the USA. Although the US managers adopt democracy in their practice, there is greater individualism within the society. Workers strive to achieve as individuals more than they would as a team or group. List of References HamedoÄŸlu, MA, Kantor, J GÃ ¼lay, E 2012, The effect of locus of control and culture on leader preferences, International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 319-324 Abramson, N, Keating, R, Lane, H 1996, Cross-national congnitive process differences: A comparison of Canadian, American and Japanese managers, Management International Review, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 123-147 Bass, BM 2000, The future of leadership in learning organizations, The Journal of Leadership Studies, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 18-37 Celani, DP 2007, A structural analysis of the obsessional character: A Fairbairnian perspective The American Journal of Psychoanalysis vol. 67, pp. 119–140 Choi, S 2007, Democratic leadership: the lessons of exemplary model s for democratic governance, International Journal of Leadership Studies, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 243-262 Fisher, R, Simmons, R 2012, Liberal conservatism, vocationalism and further education in England, Globalisation, Societies Education, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 31-51 Fukushige, A, Spicer, D 2011, Leadership and followers work goals: a comparison between Japan and the UK, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 2110-2134 Haynes, P, Marchington, M, Boxall, P 2006, Workplace union-management partnership: prospects for diffusion of contemporary British Approaches in New Zealand, Asia Pacific Business Review, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 225-241 Herrera, R et al. 2011, The relationship between attitudes toward diversity management in the Southwest USA and the GLOBE study cultural preferences, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 2629-2646 Hofstede, G 2001, Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviours, institutions, a nd organizations across nations, 2nd ed, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA Hur, M 2008, Exploring differences in leadership styles: A study of manager tasks, follower characteristics, and task environments In Korean Human Service Organizations, Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 359-372 McCarthy, G 2005, Leadership practices in German and UK organisations, Journal of European Industrial Training, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 217-234 Paik, Y, Sohn, J 2004, Expatriate managers and MNCs ability to control international subsidiaries: The case of Japanese MNCs, Journal of World Business, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 61-71 Salis, S, Williams, A 2010, Knowledge sharing through face-to-face communication and labour productivity: evidence from British workplaces, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 436-459 Simons, H et al. 2003, From evidence-based practice to practice-based evidence: the idea of situated generalisation, Research Papers In Education, vol 18, no 4, pp. 347-364 Sun, T, Horn, M, Merritt, D 2004, Values and lifestyles of individualists and collectivists: a study on Chinese, Japanese, British and US consumers, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 318-331 Wade-Benzoni, K et al 2002, Cognitions and behavior in asymmetric social dilemmas: a comparison of two cultures, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 87-95 Yuhee, J, Takeuchi, N 2010, Performance implications for the relationships among top management leadership, organizational culture, and appraisal practice: testing two theory-based models of organizational learning theory in Japan, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1931-1950

Realism vs. Phenomenalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Realism vs. Phenomenalism - Essay Example It is also possible for people to perceive qualities under conditions whereby no physical object exists at all. However, Barnes does not agree with this point of view and terms the sense-data argument a myth. According to Barnes, people have the capacity to perceive by seeing, tasting, smelling, feeling, and hearing; it is an indisputable fact. He proceeds to give three arguments that dispel the existence of sense data. For instance, he gives the example of a penny placed on a table. When observed from above, the penny appears circular, but when viewed from miles away, it appears elliptical. The elliptical and circular appearances are not the aspects of the penny, but entities of some kind. Another example is a stick that appears straight in the air, but bent in water. This is an aspect of sense-data. The third argument Barnes presents is that people seem to see objects which do not exist in reality. For example, mirages that appear in the desert (Barnes 92). This suggests that what people observe in some cases are not physical entities. The non-physical entities are what phenomenalists refer to as sense-data. Barnes arguments favor realism. Realism asserts that the existence of physical objects is independent of the human mind; therefore, the universe exists independent of the human mind. Barnes argument is convincing as it follows the tenets of logical reasoning. Therefore, physical objects exist whether human beings perceive them or

Key Elements of HR Strategy of Disney and How it is Linked With Its Co Case Study

Key Elements of HR Strategy of Disney and How it is Linked With Its Corporate Strategy - Case Study Example Training and development of the employees are tailored in a manner which allows the company to train and develop the employees in a manner which delivers consistent value to the customers. However, this has been only possible after the involvement of top management of the company at all levels of management. Â  (Perkins, Shortland and Perkins, 2006) However, it is clear that reward and recognition system may not have been clearly defined. The overall recognition criteria were not well-defined and it is also evident that the employees were allowed to communicate with each other at designated places and during particular times. Â  (Miner, 2007) The overall communication and relationship between the employees and the managers were excellent as managers clearly outlined the expectations from the crew members and what was exactly required of them. Learning and development was the key point which was integrated into the overall HR strategy of Disney as employees were specifically trained in various areas of operations while at the same time allowing them to build on their multi-dimensional expertise. The overall general HR policies regarding hiring, training and developing employees were well-defined and most of the tasks were performed by in-house employees hired and developed over the period of time. (Kreitner, 2009) More focus on developing employees and their personalities so that they can deliver superior value to customers. A supported environment for employees has been created which fosters responsibility and creativity. Leadership and communication skills, which are vital for working in an environment which is client facing. Employees are trained in a manner which improves therefore skills. HR Strategy is further focused towards empowering employees to face the clients in real time. HR Strategy is aligned with the overall corporate strategy as it supports the overall vision of the company. Overall, HR Strategy of Disney was focused on hiring, training and developing employees who can deliver more value to the customers.

Compare and Contrast Opportunity and Risk Components Research Paper

Compare and Contrast Opportunity and Risk Components - Research Paper Example Project manager (Learner) may need to make assumptions about the project. Be sure to document the assumptions in the description of the risk and consider both project and product based risks. The project manager should also take in to account external as well as internal risks and consider risks to the project budget, its schedule, its resources and the products quality. Ensure that the risks are categorized and quantified. The estimated costs and worth of a classic kitchen remodeling plan are briefed below. Elevated estimations for greater urban areas and the diminished estimates where home values are below the countrywide average need to be made. Modification for prices for replacements or enhancements is in the last fragment. For size variances of up to 25%, total expenses need to be scrabbled in direct percentage to the size of the project under consideration. The modified costs can be used as a basis for locating a material financial plan and for matching supplier bids (if experts are chosen to do the work) (Homewyse, 2011). This is amongst the major decisions that property-owners have to ultimately deal with when scheduling a project management.   What are the risks?   Effectiveness, length of timeframe, financial plan and class of work are the key factors that one has to consider when determining on such a critical point. For a small kitchen, budget for remodeling is usually restricted. Amidst of a family kitchen remodel, it’s very likely to lose sight of precisely how much money one is spending, crossing over the economical line, every now and then quite significantly. Here are some cautionary cryptograms that during the remodeling; the plan may be heading towards choking terrain (Admin, 2010). The inexpensive cupboards/piece of equipment/sink came about to be backordered for 6 months and extra charges need to be paid for a more exclusive one (and additional variations may chute from this change, accumulating even more to the

Psychological Perspectives on Children’s Behaviour

Psychological Perspectives on Children’s Behaviour THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES AS APPLIED TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOUR The main psychological perspectives as applied to the understanding of the development of children’s behaviour are; behaviourist, cognitive, social, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive and the developmental perspective. The behaviourist perspective is the influence of the outer environment on children’s behaviour. It discards the idea that children pass through set developmental stages or milestones. But are affected by the environment to which they are exposed to. The behaviour perspective focuses on how the outer environment influences how a child behaviour. It also focuses on how the environment affects their behaviour. â€Å"The behaviourist perspective looks at learning as the result of conditioning and that behaviour is learnt by positive and negative reinforcement† (Foster, S., Green, S and Kellas, S. (2008) BTEC National Children’s Care, Learning and Development , Nelson Thornes) A key theorist linking to the behaviourist theory is Albert Bandura. His theory was the Social Learning Theory (Observational Learning). It was most recently called ‘Social Cognitive Theory’. This theory looks at the moral and social behaviour in humans. He believes we learn through conditioning and by observing others. Bandura’s experiment was called the ‘Bobo Doll experiment’. The responses were all convoyed with verbal responses. I.e. one of the types of behaviour the adult showed was aggressive behaviour. The clip showed the adult punching the Bobo doll on it’s side, placing it on the floor and sitting on it and punching it on the nose. Whilst the adult was punching the Bobo doll on it’s nose. The adult continued to kick the Bobo doll around the room. The television clip also showed the adult using a mallet and whacking the doll with it. After the television clip had finished the children were left in a playroom with the Bobo doll for ten minutes. The children were then let into a room to play with the Bobo doll. The children showed hostile and aggressive behaviour toward the Bobo doll. Some of the objects used were mallets, like the adult had. However other objects were used such as guns. The experiment revealed that beha viour can be copied through observing and imitating others. An example of this in placement would be when I was sitting at the table with the children during dinner time. During this time two children were playing around with their food and they throwing it. I showed them that we eat this type of food with our hands. I then then ate some to show them that it tastes nice and they shouldn’t be afraid to eat with their hands. This then resulted in two children copying me and eating their dinner with their hands. The second psychological perspective is the cognitive perspective. The cognitive perspective or approach is the â€Å"psychological perspective emphasising active and interpretive nature of human information of human information processing† (Coolican, H., Cherchar, A., Walley, M, Cassidy, T,. Penny, G and Harrower J Page 367). The cognitive perspective is about how children make their own choices. This perspective focuses on how what a child learns affects their actions. This means this what a child learns influences their actions. This is done by a child’s thoughts and how a child processes and stores information. The third psychological perspective is the social perspective biological perspective. This perspective looks at how a child’s behaviour is done to their genetics. This means this perspective looks at a child and how they develop an understanding of the world and their surroundings around them. A theorist that believes this is Vygotsky. Vygotsky believed children learn best through social interaction with other peers and through adult intervention and through this is, is how they develop other skills. Vygotsky felt that children were capable of achieving past their potential and their stages of development however only with support and assistance from adults. â€Å"The difference between these two levels was known as the ‘zone of proximal development’, and this has huge implications for the adult who would help extend the child’s learning and reinforce it†. (Hill., K., Tassoni P., Page 256)An example of this would be if a child who suffers from OCD. O CD is a biological condition. If something is not in the correct place, or doing certain actions. A child at one of my placements suffered from Autism and OCD, if that child didn’t have snack at a certain time, the child would get very upset. As I worked with him during reception, snack time was available throughout the whole day and was not at a specific time, he found this difficult time. To help this child, me or another teacher would go through what activities were available to him that day and what he would like to in order. This was very effective and beneficial as he knew what was happening during the day. An example of this in placement would be through free play, the children have a chance to interact and integrate with other children. Adult intervention is very important in my setting. We welcome each child into the setting and talk to them about how they feel and what they would like to do. Communication goes hand in hand with adult interaction with adult intervent ion. I and the other staff at my placement scaffold the children’s learning when needed with certain tasks and activities. An example of this would be me helping a child to build a tower with wooden blocks. I helped the child to build a tower, thus helping them reach their goal. The next time they were able to build a tower on their own. The fourth psychological perspective is the psychodynamic perspective. This perspective focuses on the subconscious and the part in plays in us making the decisions we do. Freud is a key theorist that links into this perspective. Freud’s theory is the ‘Psychosexual stages of development’. Freud’s theory is based on the early childhood experiences form the behaviour we acquire as adults. Early attachment relationships with parents form a great impact on this. The fifth psychological perspective is the humanistic perspective. Freud believed that â€Å"the unconscious mind has a large part to play in how we feel and that the influences of the unconscious mind come from past experiences and form our instincts.† (Foster, S., Green, S. Kellas S., Page 112) Freud’s developed five stages and these were ; the oral stage, the anal stage, phallic stage, laterncy stage and the genital stage. The oral stage is the first stage is about how a child finds pleasure in putting objects in their mouth. The child is intent on satisfying their libido, by placing all sort of objects in their mouth. This can however be replicated at a child’s later life by thumb sucking or nail biting. The oral stage is when a child is first born to the age of one. The anal stage takes place between the first, two years of age. The pleasure zone in this period is the anus. This stage focuses on a child controlling their bowels and bladder. This when the eg o starts to develop and starts to control the id, this is done by the child asking to achieve potty training and toilet training. The next stage is the phallic stage, this takes place between the ages of two and six. The pleasure zone during this period is the phallus. This stage focuses on how a child has developed an awareness of their genitals and how a child plays with their genitals and gain pleasure from it. At this stage the superego develops. The laercy stage follows and takes place between the ages of six and eleven years. This stages’ pleasure zone doesn’t have one. This perspective focuses on what makes a child an individual by focusing on what makes a child an individual, and that is their characteristics. The Odeipus (boy) and Electra (girl) issues are resolved. A child can now build on a relationship with a same sex parent without feeling jealousy. The last stage is the genital stage. This is between the ages of 11 years into adulthood. The pleasure zone for this is the genitals. Its main characteristics is how a child can develop having sexual feelings (puberty) to then in adulthood settling down into a relationship. Freud believed though that if an adult is fixed at a certain stage such as the oral stage, their only pleasure of the relationship would be from kissing and not from sexual intercourse. This theory may be linked into practice by if a child is fixed at a certain stage such as the oral stage (this may be nail biting or thumb sucking) may be experiencing anxiety at home, thus not being able to move on to the next stage. Freud believed that if a child didn’t progress through these set stages, then it would cause problems later on in life. He also believed that a child could stay fixed at a stage and this again would cause problems. This links into children’s development because this perspective believes that children are influenced by the world and what they see and what they do. The last psychological perspective is the developmental perspective. This perspective looks at the behaviour of a child and sees if they are meeting the requirements for their age and stage of development. A key theorist that links into this is Piaget and his four stages of cognitive development. This links into child development by seeing if children are meeting the development requirements for their age. An example of this at my placement is a behaviour specialist works closely with the school. She takes account of each child’s needs and see if they are meeting the requirements for their age and stage of development and if there is any issues. And if there are any issues, what can then be done to help the child to meet their targets. Theories have informed practice in early years settings majorly. A lot of theories are using the theories in practice every day. Each theory can be placed into a different category of development. B.F Skinner’s theory is that children use cognitive behaviour when given verbal communication. A key element in his theory is through trial and error. They will keep on trying until they succeed. A way a child learns this is through observing other adults and copy and repeats what they have heard or see. An example of this in placement would be was when I was sitting at the table with the children during dinner time. During this time two children were playing around with their food and they throwing it. I showed them that we eat this type of food with our hands. I then then ate some to show them that it tastes nice and they shouldn’t be afraid to eat with their hands. This then resulted in two children copying me and eating their dinner with their hands. One way to achieve this is by speaking clearly and getting down to their level and using eye contact. Another example of this in placement would be when a child was hitting another child. I got to the child’s lev el/ and used eye contact. I also used their name and said what that their behaviour was wrong and that we use ‘kind hands’ here and that their behaviour had made the child sad. I also said that you need to give the child a cuddle and say sorry. B.F Skinner also links into another theory of behavioural management. His This theory is that child should have a consistent behavioural management system. At my placement we respect that parents may have a different technique to the ones we use at placement, we take on board their wishes and use their technique to remain consistency so the child does not get confused about the consequences of their behaviour. There are many behavioural techniques to help manage behaviour, these are reward charts, child empowerment, inclusion games and assertive discipline. Vygotsky’s theory is linked to intellectual development. His theory is that children learn new skills with the help of adult intervention. His theory also supports that a child should be supported doing a new activity or during a new learning experience. I and the staff support this theory by assisting the children with new tasks and scaffolding their learning. This means giving them the resources they need to fulfil or complete the task and letting them find a way of completing the task, without showing them. We also give verbal praise when a child shows good social interaction skills with other children. John Bowbly is the theorist that is linked to emotional development. He links into the biological perspective. His theory focuses on that importance of early relationships a child has with their main caregiver. Bowbly believed children who had a positive attachment with their caregiver have more of higher self-esteem and children who have negative attachment their caregiver have a lower self-esteem. At my placement we support this by slowly introducing and easing a child into a setting. We had a new child recently who started. We believed it would be for the best if we slowly eased the child into the setting. This helps the child to ease into the setting, make themselves feel comfortable and familiar with the setting. This also helps prevent separation anxiety with the child and their main caregiver. References Foster, S., Green, S and Kellas, S. (2008) BTEC National Children’s Care, Learning and Development , Nelson Thornes, Nelson Thornes – 15/11/14 Squire, G., 2007. BTEC National Children’s Care, Learning and Development Student Book, United Kingdom: Heinemann 15/11/14 Image http://fateslayer99.hubpages.com/hub/Understanding-Psychological-Perspectives-and-the-Motives-Behind-Our-Actions Last Accessed on 15/11/14 at 18:12 1 Tejal Thanki

Abraham Lincoln and Calamity Jane :: essays research papers

In The Boys’ Life of Abraham Lincoln by Helen Nicolay and Life and Adventures of Calamity Jane, By Herself, tone is employed to more effectively display the purpose of the essays. In The Boys’ Life of Abraham Lincoln, Nicolay uses a tone that demonstrates triumph through tragedy, weaving specifics about Lincoln’s ancestors with the trials he faced. In Life and Adventures of Calamity Jane, By Herself, Mrs. Burk (Calamity Jane) uses a tone that is familiar to the world of documentaries, starting her story at her birth and ending with where she was when she wrote the autobiography. One must remember that The Boys’ Life of Abraham Lincoln is a biography, and Life and Adventures of Calamity Jane, By Herself is an autobiography. The contrasting of these two fine pieces of literature makes some specifics about tone and purpose stick out in one’s mind. The Boys’ Life of Abraham Lincoln uses a tone that is personal and endearing in order to inspire the reader to face circumstances in their life with the notion that a sunnier day will come only if they try their hardest to make the best of their current situation. Tone is also used to display Abraham Lincoln as a man who did just that to become â€Å"the greatest man of his time†. The biography begins nearly 175 years before Abraham Lincoln was born. It traces its way through the pioneering of his forefathers into the â€Å"west† by specifically pointing out hardships faced on the unfriendly trail. (They faced solitude, privation, and all the dangers and hardships that beset men who take up their homes where only beasts and wild men have had their homes before.) However, â€Å"they continued to press steadily forward† even though they lost most of what they had when they started their journey. The determined family continues on through the death of Abraham ’s grandfather, till Abraham is born â€Å"in deep poverty†. Throughout this initial background, it is hinted that Abraham will be â€Å"a wonderful man†, and it is noted how ironic it is that such a great man is to be born and raised in such a humble place. It is stated that of his early childhood â€Å"almost nothing is known†. The author still manages, however, to dig up an anecdote which portrays Abraham as a â€Å"generous child†. He was â€Å"large and strong for his age†, and when a â€Å"severe mysterious sickness† breaks out, Abraham pulls through, though many die around him.